Publications

Keywords: Global health; mental health; war and intergenerational trauma; childhood anxiety; resilience; climate change; psychosocial well-being; technology and emotional loneliness
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JHSS 2024;9(4):462-490
REVIEW IN GLOVAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGY 
Does heatwaves/above-average temperature increase interpersonal violent behavior? A scoping review
Authors: Daniela ACQUADRO MARAN¹, Gaia DIBIASE², Sofia FILIPPETTI³, Riccardo SANDRETTO⁴, Antonella VARETTO⁵, Claudio Giovanni CORTESE^6*, Elisabetta CARRARO^7
1 Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy. E-mail: daniela.acquadro@unito.it ORCID: 0000-0002-9924-4093
² Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy. E-mail: gaia.dibiase@edu.unito.it ORCID: 0009-0009-8737-9378
³ Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy. E-mail: sofia.filippetti@unito.it ORCID: 0000-0003-3676-9885
⁴ Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy. E-mail: riccardo.sandretto@unimi.it ORCID: 0000-0003-0200-5895
⁵ Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy. E-mail: avaretto@cittadellasalute.to.it ORCID: 0000-0003-3002-8533
⁶ Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy. E-mail: claudio.cortese@unito.it ORCID: 0000-0003-2339-9838
⁷ Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy. E-mail: elisabetta.carraro@unito.it ORCID: 0000-0002-9811-6372
*Corresponding Author:  Claudio Giovanni Cortese, Department of Psychology, Università di Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124 Torino, Italy. E-mail: claudio.cortese@unito.it

Keywords: interpersonal violence; high temperature; violent behavior.
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JHSS 2024;9(4):491-508
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN PEDIATRICS AND PSYCHOLOGY 
Are preschool Kosovar children anxious on the edge? Validating the Preschool Anxiety Scale
Authors: Samire BLLACA BALAJ¹, Merita SHALA^2*, Mimoza SHAHINI³, Pranvera JETISHI ÇOLLAKU^4
1 Faculty of Education, University “Isa Boletini” Mitrovice, Republic of Kosovo. E-mail: samire.bllaca@umib.net ORCID: 0000-0002-2507-9283
² Faculty of Education, University “Isa Boletini” Mitrovice, Republic of Kosovo. E-mail: merita.shala@umib.net ORCID: 0000-0002-1050-8954
³ Faculty of Psychology, AAB College, Pristina, Republic of Kosovo. E-mail: mimoza.shahini@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-0501-3754
⁴ Health Science Department, Universum International College Powered by Arizona State University Kosova. E-mail: pranvera.jetishi@universum-ks.org ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-1793
*Corresponding Author:  Merita Shala, University “Isa Boletini” Mitrovice. Ukshin Kovacica Street, no number, 40000 Mitrovice, Republic of Kosovo. E-mail: merita.shala@umib.net

Abstract

Introduction: Our current study aimed to test the reliability, validity, and factorial structure of PAS for Kosovar preschool children. Additionally, we sought to explore the anxiety levels in these children and the demographic variables influencing their anxiety. 
Methods: We designed the study as a non-experimental and cross-sectional. Parents of 676 preschool children (48.8 % girls) aged 3 to 7 years (M = 5.12; SD = 1.21) responded via an online questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Amos, Version 25.0. The means and standard deviations, reliabilities (Cronbach’s α and mean inter-item correlations), scale intercorrelations for the focal test (PAS), and McDonald’s Omega for internal consistency were computed. Through correlation, t-test, ANOVA and MANOVA we investigated age, gender, parents living place and birth order effects on the PAS 
Results: Factor analysis validated the original five-factor model after removing two items, suggesting a shorter 26-item version for Kosovar preschoolers. The scale demonstrated a good internal consistency (α = .88/ωt =.875). For the subscales there were no differences in values from Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Omega ωt: obsessive‐compulsive subscale (.71), social phobia (.78), physical injury fears (.72), and separation anxiety (.79) were in fair range, while it was in poor range for the generalized anxiety (0.55). 16.3% of children were found to have significant anxiety symptoms. Older children, female children and children who live in villages scored significantly higher on some subscales as well as on the PAS total scores. 
Discussion: Our study presented the first evidence to establish the validity and reliability of the PAS for Kosovar preschool children. Its good psychometric properties provide initial security for the assessment of a wide range of anxiety symptoms in preschool children in Kosovo. 

Keywords: Kosovo; preschool children; psychometric properties; preschool anxiety scale.
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JHSS 2024;9(4):509-519
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN PSYCHIATRY AND PUBLIC HEALTH 
The relationship between parental war status and socioemotional functioning of offspring of Croatian war veterans
Authors: Lovorka BRAJKOVIĆ¹, Dora KORAĆ^2*, Dajana ALIĆ³, Vanja KOPILAŠ^4
1 Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatian Studies, Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: lbrajkov1@fhs.unizg.hr ORCID: 0000-0003-1228-6459
² Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatian Studies, Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: dkorac@fhs.unizg.hr ORCID: 0000-0002-4242-3808
³ Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatian Studies, Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: dajanaa92@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0009-1492-5446
⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatian Studies, Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: vkopilas@fhs.unizg.hr ORCID: 0000-0002-8614-9505
*Corresponding Author:  Dora Korać, Department of Psychology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Croatian Studies, Borongajska cesta 83d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail: dkorac@fhs.unizg.hr

Abstract

Introduction: Family dysfunction and inability to adequately respond to parental demands of veterans due to active participation in war and the presence of war-related PTSD has been linked to numerous psychosocial and behavior problems of their offspring. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between parental war status, and certain aspects of socioemotional development of their children, i.e. emotional competence, and attachment styles. 
Methods: Our sample consisted of 141 participants (female: 51.1%, mean age: 25.78), of which 53 were offspring of veterans with PTSD, 39 were offspring of veterans without PTSD, and 49 came from non-veteran families. A structured questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic questions, The Emotional Competence Questionnaire, The Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and Inadequate parental behavior questionnaire. 
Results: Children of war veterans exhibited greater difficulties in understanding, expressing, and regulating their own emotions in comparison to children of non-veterans. Higher presence of anxious attachment style, lower levels of close and dependent style, and more frequent inadequate parental behavior during childhood were found in offspring of veterans with war-related PTSD. 
Discussion: The offspring of war veterans showed lower emotional competence and a more pronounced anxious attachment style. These findings emphasize the importance of developing interventions and programs for offspring of war veterans that aim to improve their ability to establish close relationships and regulate emotions adequately. 

Keywords: attachment styles; emotional competence; offspring; parental war-status; PTSD
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JHSS 2024;9(4):520-534
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN PSYCHOLOGY 
Between likes and lows: Exploring how social networking, privacy, and loneliness shape college students’ satisfaction
Authors: Tarik N. MOHAMED^1,2,*, Rania A. MOURAD³, Muhammad AZZEDIN^4
1 Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Secure Systems (IRC-ISS), KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: tarik@kfupm.edu.sa ORCID: 0000-0001-9225-4646 3
² Department of Global Studies, Business School, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: tarik@kfupm.edu.sa ORCID: 0000-0001-9225-4646
³ Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt. E-mail: rn_atif90@yahoo.com ORCID: 0009-0003-7830-3837
⁴ Department of Neurology, Col. Ali Omar Askar, Espiaa, Libya. E-mail: mazzedin@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0005-5588-539X
*Corresponding Author:  Tarik N. Mohamed, Business School, King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran City, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: tarik@kfupm.edu.sa

Abstract

Introduction: The rise of online social networking has transformed how individuals interact, raising concerns about its impact on privacy, loneliness, and life satisfaction. This study explores the direct and indirect relationships among these variables, with a focus on institutional (vertical) and peer (horizontal) privacy concerns, social and emotional loneliness, and overall satisfaction among college students. 
Methods: This study analyzed A sample of 778 college students 39.7% are females participated in this study. A conceptual model was tested to examine the effects of social networking use on privacy concerns, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among these variables. 
Results: Findings revealed that increased social networking use was positively associated with privacy concerns at the institutional level (β = −.242, p < .01) and peer level (β = −.205, p < .001). Institutional privacy concerns uniquely mediated life satisfaction, highlighting their relevance in structured settings like universities. Furthermore, social networking use predicted higher emotional loneliness and lower life satisfaction, indicating that online interactions may fail to address deeper emotional needs. However, no significant relationship emerged between social networking use and social loneliness, suggesting that broader social needs may depend on offline interactions. 
Discussion: These results demonstrate the role of social networking in shaping college students’ well-being. While online platforms offer connections, they may also heighten privacy concerns and emotional loneliness, impacting life satisfaction. Institutional privacy concerns play a critical mediating role, highlighting the importance of privacy in academic settings. 

Keywords: College students; emotional loneliness; life satisfaction; social networking; privacy concerns; well-being.
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JHSS 2024;9(4):535-550
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 
Co-occurring factors associated with suicidal ideation among individuals with parole involvement: A classification and regression tree analysis
Authors: Leah MCCOY¹, Javier F. BOYAS^2*, Sung Seek MOON³, Michael A. ROBINSON⁴, Onick LEWIS⁵, Amy E. COX^6
1 Troy University, 204P Jones Hall, Troy, AL, USA. E-mail: lamccoy@troy.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-6777-6212
² Troy University, 211A Jones Hall, Troy, AL, USA. E-mail: jboyas@troy.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-4322-8385
³ Baylor University, School of Social Work, Waco, TX, USA. E-mail: sungseek_moon@baylor.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-4956-5358
⁴ Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA. E-mail: michaelrobinson@fau.edu ORCID: 0000-0003-1533-804X
⁵ Troy University, Troy, AL, USA. E-mail: olewis@troy.edu ORCID: 0009-0009-5299-8662
⁶ Troy University, Troy, AL, USA. E-mail: acox114746@troy.edu ORCID: 0009-0003-4609-8445
*Corresponding Author:  Javier F. Boyas, Troy University, 112 Wright Hall, Troy, AL, USA. E-mail: jboyas@troy.edu

Abstract

Introduction: Formerly incarcerated individuals on parole burden a higher risk of suicidality compared to the general public. This study explored specific physical health, mental health, and substance use predictors contributing to suicidal ideation among individuals with parole involvement. 
Methods: Pooled data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed through a CART analysis to uncover co-occurring interactions associated with suicidal ideation among a national sample of individuals with parole involvement (N=1,725). 
Results: Total acute depression scores, both lower and higher, had a significant impact on suicidal ideation. Milder forms of depression were significant when they intersected with unaddressed mental health needs, ADL limitations, and pain reliever misuse. More severe depression symptoms compounded mental health challenges, particularly when they coincided with ADL limitations, a poorer perception of health, and the unique experiences of individuals at both ends of the adult spectrum, particularly those aged 18-20 and individuals aged 35 years or older. Results suggest that depression symptoms were the most influential variable associated with suicidal ideation. 
Conclusion: Although considerable efforts have been made in research and practice to shed light on these issues, there has been a noticeable lack of focus on the provision of community resources and mental health treatment during and post incarceration. It is imperative to recognize that most people in the criminal justice system eventually reintegrate into our communities. Thus, it becomes vital to bridge the gap by offering treatment and resources during incarceration. 

Keywords: Suicidal ideation; prisoners; risk factors; mental health; data analytics.
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JHSS 2024;9(4):551-563
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN OCCUPTIONAL HEALTH 
Mitigating overconfidence bias: A cross-sectional pilot study of male maintenance workers in the engineering sector
Authors: Luca DI GIAMPAOLO^1*, Federica MARINO², Claudia GIURGOLA³, Piergiorgio ASTOLFI⁴, Luca COPPETA⁵, Simone DE SIO⁶, Paola BORRELLI⁷, Teresa GALANTI⁸, Laura FORCELLA⁹, Maria Elisa MAIOLO¹⁰, Kavita BATRA¹¹, Murat YILDIRIM¹², Hicham KHABBACHE¹³, Amelia RIZZO¹⁴, Mahmood BAHRAMIZADEH¹⁵, Hiroo WADA¹⁶, Qiao NIU¹⁷, Hector NIETO¹⁸, Francesco CHIRICO^19
1 Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: luca.digiampaolo@unich.it ORCID: 0000-0003-3315-7197
² Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: federicamarinomdl@gmail.com
³ Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: cgiurgola@yahoo.it
⁴ Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: piergiorgio.astolfi@studenti.unich.it ORCID: 0009-0006-3118-7359
⁵ Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Rome, Italy. E-mail: lcoppeta@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-2470-6107
⁶ Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Science, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Roma, Italy. E-mail: simone.desio@uniroma1.it ORCID: 0000-0003-4538-3941
⁷ Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Biostatistics, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: paola.borrelli@unich.it ORCID: 0000-0001-9389-627X
⁸ Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: teresa.galanti@unich.it ORCID: 0000-0003-1926-4877
⁹ Università degli Studi eCampus, Novedrate (CO), Italy. E-mail: laura.forcella@uniecampus.it ORCID: 009-0008-3630-2779
¹⁰ Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: maiolo.elisa@hotmail.it ORCID: 0000-0003-2542-5745
¹¹ Department of Medical Education and Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA. E-mail: kavita.batra@unlv.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-0722-0191
¹² Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey. E-mail: muratyildirim@agri.edu.tr ORCID: 0000-0003-1089-1380  
¹³ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences Fès-Saïss, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco. E-mail: hichamcogn@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-9587-2829
¹⁴ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. E-mail: amrizzo@unime.it ORCID: 0000-0002-6229-6463
¹⁵ Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: mbzoandp@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-4719-938X
¹⁶ Department of Public Health & Division of Medical Education, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: h-wada@juntendo.ac.jp ORCID: 0000-0002-0752-3790
¹⁷ School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, China. E-mail: niuqiao55@sxmu.edu.cn ORCID: 0000-0003-0015-3341  
¹⁸ Occupational Medicine School, University of Business and Social Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: hnieto@live.com.ar ORCID: 0009-0007-9325-8404
¹⁹ Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. E-mail: francesco.chirico@unicatt.it ORCID: 0000-0002-8737-4368
*Corresponding Author:  Luca Di Giampaolo, Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy. E-mail: luca.digiampaolo@unich.it

Abstract 

Introduction: Overconfidence is understood as the susceptibility to cognitive error caused by overconfidence in one’s own means and a lack of awareness of one’s own limits. The purpose of the work is to investigate the level of overconfidence in 186 maintenance workers and identify those most at risk of injury based on certain characteristics such as gender, age, educational qualification, and task performed. 
Methods: The study was conducted among the employees of a large metalworking company in central Italy over a three-months period. The validated questionnaire of Cavazza & Serpe was administered, on a voluntary basis, used for data collection, and subsequently descriptive analysis was carried out for data interpretation. 
Results: The study surveyed 184 male maintenance workers (response rate: 81.1%). Workers over 51 years old showed higher negative emotions toward safety procedures (SP) and greater intention to transgress, though actual transgressions were low. Living arrangements and education influenced attitudes, with workers living with others reporting higher control (p=0.032) and those with high school diplomas showing more positive attitudes (p=0.018). Transgressive behavior correlated with reduced moral norms, positive emotions, and control (all p<0.001). Negative attitudes toward SP were linked to higher transgression rates, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve safety adherence. 
Discussion: The results obtained are useful for planning training activities, targeted on the critical aspects that emerged, first of all on overconfidence bias, aimed at reducing injuries in the workplace. 

Keywords: Occupational health; overconfidence; risk perception; workplace safety.
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JHSS 2024;9(4):564-582
REVIEW IN ORTHOPEDY AND REHABILITATION 
Effects of external ankle support on balance control outcomes following muscle fatigue in individuals with ankle instability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hanieh KHALILIYAN¹, Mahmood BAHRAMIZADEH^2*, Amirhossein ZARE³, Kavita BATRA^4*, Gabriella NUCERA⁵, Aldo SITIBONDO⁶, Aanuoluwapo AFOLABI⁷, Majid ANSARI⁸, Olayinka ILESANMI⁹, Lukasz SZARPAK¹⁰, Alireza KHAGHANI¹¹, Shahla MOHAJERI¹², Farhad GHAFFARI¹³, Arash SHARAFATVAZIRI^14
1 Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: haniehkhaliliyan@yahoo.com ORCID: 0000-0002-6400-5826
² Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: mbzoandp@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-4719-938x
³ Student Research Committee, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: zareamirhossein75@yahoo.com ORCID: 0000-0003-1813-0228
⁴ Department of Medical Education and Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA. E-mail: kavita.batra@unlv.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-0722-0191
⁵ Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milano, Italy. E-mail: gabriellanucera@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0003-1425-0046
⁶ Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy. E-mail: aldo.sitibondo@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0000-8534-8767
⁷ Knowledge Management and Documentation Officer, Technical Services Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria. Global Health and Infectious Diseases Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. E-mail: afoannade@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-9928-2252
⁸ Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: majid.ansari@gmail.com ORCID: 0009-0000-4572-1141
⁹ Regional Programme Lead, West Africa Regional Collaborating Centre, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria. E-mail: ileolasteve@yahoo.co.uk ORCID: 0000-0003-0827-6442
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland. Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lubin, Poland. Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. E-mail: lukasz.szarpak@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-0973-5455.
¹¹ Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Khaghani.a@iums.ac.ir ORCID: 0000-0002-7585-3062
¹² Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Shahlamohajeri@yahoo.com ORCID: 0000-0002-9413-4928
¹³ Kkhatam-Alanbia Hospital, Orthopedic Department, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: Farhadb75@yahoo.com ORCID: 0009-0006-7412-0357
¹⁴ Center for Orthopedic Trans-Disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email: arash.sharafatvaziri@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-4139-0071
*Corresponding Author:
Mahmood Bahramizadeh, Associate Professor, Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kavita Batra, PhD, Assistant Professor, Executive Director of Medical Research and Scholarly Activities, Department of Medical Education and Office of Research, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA.

Abstract 

Introduction: Lateral Ankle sprain is a common sports injury with a high incidence rate after muscle fatigue. Health specialists are searching for the best conservative approach to reduce the complications of this injury and decrease the incidence rate after fatigue. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of external ankle support on balance in patients with ankle instability following muscle fatigue. 
Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 29, 2024, to find articles involving populations with ankle instability, interventions using external ankle support (taping or ankle orthoses), and outcomes related to balance assessed during muscle fatigue. The Risk of Bias 2 tool was used for risk of bias assessment. Data on patients, interventions, fatigue protocols, and outcomes were extracted and analysed. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software, calculating standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each outcome. 
Results: Nine crossover studies involving 230 subjects were included. The narrative synthesis shows that external ankle supports improve the single leg hop test [Mean difference=7.84, P=0.01], center of pressure range and velocity, and ankle inversion. The meta-analysis results indicate that compared to the control group, external ankle supports after muscle fatigue significantly change Y balance clinical test-posterolateral [MD=1.22, 95% CI (0.16, 2.28), p=0.03], Y balance clinical test-posteromedial [Mean difference=2.60, 95% CI (0.42, 4.79), p=0.03], center of pressure time to stabilization-mediolateral [Mean difference=-0.68, 95% CI (-1.29, -0.07), p=0.04], center of pressure time to stabilization-vertical [Mean difference=-0.62, 95% CI (-0.94, -0.30), p=0.01], and vertical ground reaction force [Mean difference=0.58, 95% CI (0.21, 0.96), p=0.02]. 
Discussion: External ankle supports are an effective conservative intervention for improving specific aspects of balance in patients with ankle instability, particularly following muscle fatigue. Significant improvements were observed in the Y Balance Test, center of pressure measures, vertical ground reaction force, and single leg hop performance. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to incorporate external ankle supports into rehabilitation programs for individuals with ankle instability. These supports can enhance balance, improve functional outcomes, and help mitigate the negative effects of muscle fatigue on postural stability. 

Keywords: Ankle sprain; ankle instability; postural control; orthoses; taping.
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JHSS 2024;9(4):583-594
ORIGINAL ARTICLE IN PSYCHOLOGY 
Psychometric properties of the Moroccan dialect versions of the Perceived Stress Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale among Moroccan university students
Authors: Younes RAMI^1*, Hicham KHABBACHE², Jamal AMRAOUI³, Driss AIT ALI⁴, Zakaria ABIDLI⁵, Abdulmohsen MOHAMMED ABDULLAH ALKHULAYFI⁶, Mahmood BAHRAMIZADEH⁷, Hassan LAABOUB⁸, Amelia RIZZO⁹, Bouabid BADAOUI¹⁰, Şeyhmus AKSOY¹¹, Lukasz SZARPAK¹², Murat YILDIRIM¹³, Francesco CHIRICO^14
1 Applied Psychology, Linguistics and Philosophy Laboratory, Faculty of Humanities-Saïs, Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco. E-mail: younes.rami@usmba.ac.ma ORCID: 0000-0003-2313-8734
² Laboratory of «Morocco: History, Theology and languages, » Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences Fès-Saïss, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez-Morocco. Director of Lifelong Learning Observatory (UNESCO/ USMBA). E-mail: hicham.khabbache@usmba.ac.ma ORCID: 0000-0001-9587-2829
³ Applied Psychology, Linguistics and Philosophy Laboratory, Faculty of Humanities-Saïs, Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
⁴ Laboratory of «Morocco: History, Theology and languages, » Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences Fès-Saïss, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez-Morocco. E-mail: driss.aitali@usmba.ac.ma ORCID: 0000-0001-5043-9677.
⁵ Health Sciences, Education and Management Laboratory, Higher Institutes of Nursing and Health Technique, Casablanca. E-mail: zakaria.abidli@uit.ac.ma ORCID: 0000-0003-2218-0447
⁶ Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: aalkhlife@kau.edu.sa ORCID: 0009-0009-7333-8161
⁷ Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: ma.bahramizadeh@uswr.ac.ir ORCID: 0000-0003-4719-938X
⁸ Applied Psychology, Linguistics and Philosophy Laboratory, Faculty of Humanities-Saïs, Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco. E-mail: hassan.laaboub@usmba.ac.ma ORCID: 0009-0002-0317-4308
⁹ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Medical-Legal Center of the National Institute of Social Welfare, Messina, Italy. E-mail: amrizzo@unime.it ORCID: 0000-0002-6229-6463
¹⁰ Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome Laboratory, 4 Avenue Ibn Battouta, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, B.P. 1014 Morocco. E-mail: bouabidbadaoui@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0001-6808-1765
¹¹ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Türkiye. E-mail: seaksoy@agri.edu.tr ORCID: 0000-0001-6637-4126
¹² Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland. Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lubin, Poland. Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. E-mail: lukasz.szarpak@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-0973-5455.
¹³ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Türkiye. Psychology Research Centre, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan. E-mail: muratyildirim@agri.edu.tr ORCID: 0000-0003-1089-1380
¹⁴ Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, Milan, Italy. E-mail: francesco.chirico@unicatt.it ORCID: 0000-0002-8737-4368
*Corresponding Author: Younes Rami, Applied Psychology, Linguistics and Philosophy Laboratory, Faculty of Humanitie-Saiss, Mohammed Ben Abdellah University in Fez, B.P.59 Route Immouzer CP 30000 Morocco. 

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Moroccan dialect versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) in a sample of Moroccan university students. The objective is to evaluate the reliability and validity of these scales for assessing perceived stress and depressive symptoms among this population. 
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 204 Moroccan university students. Stress and depression levels were measured using the PSS-10 and the CES-D-10. The psychometric properties of the PSS-10 and CES-D-10 were assessed based on internal consistency, internal coherence, and confirmatory factor analyses. 
Results: The study demonstrated an adequate fit for the PSS-10 (χ²(25) = 44.591, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.985, SRMR = 0.058) and CES-D-10 (χ²(25) = 62.993, CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.942, SRMR = 0.046) scales. Additionally, the PSS-10 and CES-D10 exhibited significant correlation (r = .75, p < .01) further reinforcing their convergent validity. 
Discussion: Consistent with previous research, the internal consistency, internal coherence, and confirmatory factor analyses were satisfactory for both the PSS-10 and CES-D-10 in the Moroccan university context. These findings suggest that the PSS-10 and CES-D10 are robust tools for assessing perceived stress and depression, making them valuable instruments for researchers and clinicians in the field of mental health. 

Keywords: CESD-10; depression, Moroccan university students; PSS-10; stress; psychometric properties.
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